Ukwenza kabusha uchungechunge lwensimbi | Vuselela ngo-2021

Ukusuka ezansi kuye phezulu kwetafula izinsimbi

• Khulisa ekusebenzeni kabusha
• Ukulahlekelwa ama-electron (oxidize) kalula ukwakha ama-ion amahle
• Konakalisa noma ungcolise kalula
• Dinga amandla athe xaxa (nezindlela ezahlukahlukene) ukuze zihlukaniswe nezinhlanganisela zazo
• Yibani ama-ejenti anciphisa amandla (abaxhasi be-electron).

Ukusabela ngamanzi nama-asidi

Izinsimbi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, njenge-sodium, zizosabela ngamanzi abandayo ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen ne-hydroxide yensimbi:

2Na + 2H₂O => 2NaOH + H₂

Izinsimbi eziphakathi kochungechunge lwe-reactivity, njenge-iron, zizosabela ngama-acid afana ne-sulfuric acid (kepha hhayi amanzi emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile) ukunikeza i-hydrogen kanye nosawoti wensimbi, njenge-iron (II) sulfate:

Fe + H₂SO₄ => I-FeSO₄ + H₂

Ukusabela okukodwa kokuhamba

Isipikili sensimbi esixazululweni sethusi sulphate kungekudala singashintsha umbala njengoba ithusi lensimbi limbozwe nge-iron (II) sulphate.

Fe + CuSO₄ => Cu + FeSO₄

Ngokuvamile, noma yiziphi izinsimbi ezingaphansi kochungechunge lwe-reactivity zingashintshwa ngensimbi: izinsimbi eziphakeme zinciphisa ama-ion ensimbi aphansi. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuphendula kwe-thermite ekukhiqizeni amanani amancane wensimbi yensimbi nokulungiselela i-titanium ngenqubo ye-kroll (I-Ti icishe ifane nezinga elilinganayo ne-Al ochungechungeni lwe-reactivity). Isibonelo, i-iron (III) oxide incishisiwe yaba yinsimbi ne-aluminium oxide iyaguqulwa kule nqubo.

2Al + Fe₂O₃ -> 2Fe + Al₂O₃

Ngokunjalo, ukususwa kwe-titanium ku-tetrachloride kungatholakala kusetshenziswa i-magnesium, ekugcineni eyakha i-magnesium chloride:

2Mg + TiCl₄ => Ti + 2MgCl₂

Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinto zingasebenza njengoba i-potassium yensimbi ingalungiswa ngokunciphisa i-sodium potassium chloride ibe ngu-850 ° C. Yize i-sodium ochungechungeni lwe-reactivity ingaphansi kwe-potassium, ukusabela kungaqhubeka njengoba i-potassium iguquguquka futhi ingxube ifakiwe.

Na + KCl => K + NaCl